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The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) strongly protects against vaccine serotypes, but the rapid expansion of non-vaccine serotype disease and the vaccine’s high expense has reduced its overall impact. We have developed Protein Glycan Coupling Technology (PGCT) as a flexible methodology for making low-cost polysaccharide/protein glycoconjugates recombinantly in  Escherichia coli . We have used PGCT to make a recombinant PCV containing serotype 4 capsular polysaccharide linked to the  Streptococcus pneumoniae  proteins NanA, PiuA, and Sp0148. The introduction of the  Campylobacter jejuni  UDP-glucose 4-epimerase gene GalE ( gne ) into  E. coli  improved the yield of the resulting glycoprotein. PGCT glycoconjugate vaccination generated strong antibody responses in mice to both the capsule and the carrier protein antigens, with the PiuA/capsule glycoconjugate inducing similar anti-capsular antibody responses as the commercial PCV Prevnar-13. Antibody responses to PGCT glycoconjugates opsonised  S. pneumoniae  and  Streptococcus mitis  expressing the serotype 4 capsule and promoted neutrophil phagocytosis of  S. pneumoniae  to a similar level as antisera generated by vaccination with Prevnar-13. Vaccination with the PGCT glycoconjugates protected mice against meningitis and septicaemia with the same efficacy as vaccination with Prevnar-13. In addition, vaccination with the protein antigen components from PGCT glycoconjugates alone provided partial protection against septicaemia and colonisation. These data demonstrate that a vaccine made by PGCT is as effective as Prevnar-13, identifies PiuA as a carrier protein for glycoconjugate vaccines, and demonstrates that linking capsular antigen to  S. pneumoniae  protein antigens has additional protective benefits that could provide a degree of serotype-independent immunity.

A recombinant conjugated pneumococcal vaccine that protects against murine infections with a similar efficacy to Prevnar-13