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The lossless current-carrying capacity of a superconductor is limited by itscritical current density (Jc). A key to enhance Jc towards real-lifeapplications is engineering defect structures to optimize the pinninglandscape. For iron-based superconductors (IBSs) considered as candidatematerials for high-field applications, high Jc values have been achieved byvarious techniques to introduce artificial pinning centres. Here we reportextraordinary vortex pinning properties in CaKFe4As4 (CaK1144) arising from theinherent defect structure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealedthe existence of nanoscale intergrowths of the CaFe2As2 phase, which is uniqueto CaK1144 formed as a line compound. The Jc properties in CaK1144 are found tobe distinct from other IBSs characterized by a significant anisotropy withrespect to the magnetic field orientation as well as a remarkable pinningmechanism significantly enhanced with increasing temperature. We propose acomprehensive explanation of the Jc properties based on the unique intergrowthsacting as pinning centres.

Unique defect structure and advantageous vortex pinning properties in superconducting CaKFe4As4