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Naval vessels regularly mix fuel and seawater as ballast, a practice that might exacerbate fuel biodegradation and metal biocorrosion. To investigate, a metagenomic characterization and metabolite profiling of ballast from U.S. Navy vessels with residence times of 1-, ~20-, and 31 weeks was conducted and compared with the seawater used to fill the tanks. Aerobic  Gammaproteobacteria  differentially proliferated in the youngest ballast tank and aerobic-specific hydrocarbon degradation genes were quantitatively more important compared to seawater or the other ballast tanks. In contrast, the anaerobic  Deltaproteobacteria  dominated in the eldest ballast fluid with anaerobic-specific hydrocarbon activation genes being far more prominent. Gene activity was corroborated by detection of diagnostic metabolites and corrosion was evident by elevated levels of Fe, Mn, Ni and Cu in all ballast samples relative to seawater. The findings argue that marine microbial communities rapidly shift from aerobic to anaerobic hydrocarbonoclastic-dominated assemblages that accelerate fuel and infrastructure deterioration.

An integrated metagenomic and metabolite profiling study of hydrocarbon biodegradation and corrosion in navy ships