English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome due to aberrant antigen-presentation function. This study examined the hypothesis that oral dysbiosis modulates the antigen-presentation function of SGECs, which regulates CD4 T cell proliferation in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Saliva samples from 8 pSS patients and 16 healthy subjects were analyzed for bacterial  16S  ribosomal DNA. As a result, 39 differentially abundant taxa were identified. Among them, the phylum  Proteobacteria  comprised 21 taxa, and this phylum was mostly enriched in the healthy controls. The proteobacterium  Haemophilus parainfluenzae  was enriched in the healthy controls, with the greatest effect size at the species level. Treatment of A253 cells in vitro with  H. parainfluenzae  upregulated PD-L1 expression, and  H. parainfluenzae -pretreated A253 cells suppressed CD4 T cell proliferation. The suppression was partially reversed by PD-L1 blockade. Among low-grade xerostomia patients, salivary abundance of  H. parainfluenzae  decreased in pSS patients compared to that in non-pSS sicca patients. Our findings suggest that  H. parainfluenzae  may be an immunomodulatory commensal bacterium in pSS.

Salivary dysbiosis in Sjögren’s syndrome and a commensal-mediated immunomodulatory effect of salivary gland epithelial cells