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For trace gas sensing and precision spectroscopy, optical cavitiesincorporating low-loss mirrors are indispensable for path length and opticalintensity enhancement. Optical interference coatings in the visible andnear-infrared (NIR) spectral regions have achieved total optical losses below 2parts per million (ppm), enabling a cavity finesse in excess of 1 million.However, such advancements have been lacking in the mid-infrared (MIR), despitesubstantial scientific interest. Here, we demonstrate a significantbreakthrough in high-performance MIR mirrors, reporting substrate-transferredsingle-crystal interference coatings capable of cavity finesse values from 200000 to 400 000 near 4.5 um, with excess optical losses (scatter and absorption)below 5 ppm. In a first proof-of-concept demonstration, we achieve the lowestnoise-equivalent absorption in a linear cavity ring-down spectrometernormalized by cavity length. This substantial improvement in performance willunlock a rich variety of MIR applications for atmospheric transport andenvironmental sciences, detection of fugitive emissions, process gasmonitoring, breath-gas analysis, and verification of biogenic fuels andplastics.

Mid-infrared supermirrors with finesse exceeding 400 000