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The formation of groups of interacting individuals improves performance andfitness in many decentralised systems, from micro-organisms to social insects,from robotic swarms to artificial intelligence algorithms. Often, groupformation and high-level coordination in these systems emerge from individualswith limited information-processing capabilities implementing low-level rulesof communication to signal to each other. Here, we show that, even in acommunity of clueless individuals incapable of processing information andcommunicating, a dynamic environment can coordinate group formation bytransiently storing memory of the earlier passage of individuals. Our resultsidentify a new mechanism of indirect coordination via shared memory that isprimarily promoted and reinforced by dynamic environmental factors, thusovershadowing the need for any form of explicit signalling between individuals.We expect this pathway to group formation to be relevant for understanding andcontrolling self-organisation and collective decision making in both living andartificial active matter in real-life environments.

Environmental Memory Boosts Group Formation of Clueless Individuals