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Hybrid quantum systems in the ultrastrong, and even more in the deep-strong,coupling regimes can exhibit exotic physical phenomena and promise newapplications in quantum technologies. In these nonperturbative regimes, aqubit--resonator system has an entangled quantum vacuum with a nonzero averagephoton number in the resonator, where the photons are virtual and cannot bedirectly detected. The vacuum field, however, is able to induce the symmetrybreaking of a dispersively coupled probe qubit. We experimentally observe theparity symmetry breaking of an ancillary Xmon artificial atom induced by thefield of a lumped-element superconducting resonator deep-strongly coupled witha flux qubit. This result opens a way to experimentally explore the novelquantum-vacuum effects emerging in the deep-strong coupling regime.

Probing the symmetry breaking of a light--matter system by an ancillary qubit