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A kagome lattice of 3d transition metals hosts flat bands, Dirac fermions andsaddle points. It provides a versatile platform for achieving topologicalsuperconductivity, anomalous Hall effect, unconventional density wave order andquantum spin liquid when the strong correlation, spin-orbit coupling ormagnetic order are involved in such a lattice. Here, using laser-basedangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in combination with densityfunctional theory calculations, we investigate the electronic structure of thenewly discovered kagome superconductor CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$, which is isostructuralto the AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A=K, Rb or Cs) kagome superconductors and possesses aperfect two-dimensional kagome network of Titanium. We directly observed astrikingly flat band derived from the local destructive interferences of Blochwave functions within the kagome lattices. We also identify the type-II Diracnodal loops around the Brillouin zone center, the type-III Dirac nodal loopsaround the zone corners and type-III Dirac nodal lines along the k$_z$direction. In addition, around the Brillouin zone center, Z2 nontrivialtopological surface states are also observed which is formed from the bandinversion due to strong spin orbital coupling. The simultaneous existence ofsuch multi-sets of nontrivial band structures in one kagome superconductor notonly provides good opportunities to study related physics in the kagome latticebut also makes CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$ an ideal system to realize noval quantumphenomena by manipulating its chemical potential with chemical doping orpressure.

Observation of Flat Band, Dirac Nodal Lines and Topological Surface States in Kagome Superconductor CsTi$_3$Bi$_5$