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Dozens of families of asteroids in the asteroid belt have similar orbits andcompositions because they formed through a collision. However, the icy debrisbeyond the orbit of Neptune, called the Kuiper Belt, contains only one knownfamily, the Haumea family. So far, no self-consistent explanation for theformation of the Haumea family can match all geophysical and orbitalcharacteristics of the family without invoking extremely improbable events.Here, we show that the family is adequately explained as the product of amerging binary near the end of Neptune's orbital migration. The unique orbitalsignature of a merging binary, which was not found in extensive searches, iseffectively erased during the final stages of migration, providing anexplanation for all aspects of the Haumea family. By placing the formation ofthe Haumea family in the broader context of solar system formation, wedemonstrate a proof-of-concept model for the formation of Haumea.

The formation of Haumea and its family via binary merging