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At present, molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) produced through Fe(II) oxidation during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks represents a small fraction of the global sink for O 2  due to limited exposures of ultramafic rocks. In contrast, ultramafic rocks such as komatiites were much more common in the Early Earth and H 2  production via serpentinization was a likely factor in maintaining an O 2 -free atmosphere throughout most of the Archean. Using thermodynamic simulations, this work quantifies the global O 2  consumption attributed to serpentinization during the past 3.5 billion years. Results show that H 2  generation is strongly dependent on rock compositions where serpentinization of more magnesian lithologies generated substantially higher amounts of H 2 . Consumption of &gt;2 Tmole O 2  yr −1  via low-temperature serpentinization of Archean continents and seafloor is possible. This O 2  sink diminished greatly towards the end of the Archean as ultramafic rocks became less common and helped set the stage for the Great Oxidation Event.

Decreasing extents of Archean serpentinization contributed to the rise of an oxidized atmosphere