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The deep (~100 km) ocean of Europa, Jupiter's moon, covered by a thick icyshell, is one of the most probable places in the solar system to findextraterrestrial life. Yet, its ocean dynamics and its interaction with the icecover have received little attention. Previous studies suggested that Europa'socean is turbulent using a global model and taking into account non-hydrostaticeffects and the full Coriolis force. Here we add critical elements, includingconsistent top and bottom heating boundary conditions and the effects of icyshell melting and freezing on ocean salinity. We find weak stratification thatis dominated by salinity variations. The ocean exhibits strong transientconvection, eddies, and zonal jets. Transient motions organize in Taylorcolumns parallel to Europa's axis of rotation, are static outside of thetangent cylinder and propagate equatorward within the cylinder. The meridionaloceanic heat transport is intense enough to result in a nearly uniform icethickness, that is expected to be observable in future missions.

Dynamic Europa ocean shows transient Taylor columns and convection driven by ice melting and salinity