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Mesoscale molecular assemblies on the cell surface, such as cilia andfilopodia, integrate information, control transport and amplify signals.Synthetic devices mimicking these structures could sensitively monitor thesecellular functions and direct new ones. The challenges in creating suchdevices, however are that they must be integrated with cells in a precisekinetically controlled process and a device's structure and its preciselystructured cell interface must then be maintained during active cellularfunction. Here we report the ability to integrate synthetic micro-scalefilaments, DNA nanotubes, into a cell's architecture by anchoring them by theirends to specific receptors on the surfaces of mammalian cells. These filamentscan act as shear stress meters: how anchored nanotubes bend at the cell surfacequantitatively indicates the magnitude of shear stresses between 0-2 dyn percm2, a regime important for cell signaling. Nanotubes can also grow whileanchored to cells, thus acting as dynamic components of cells. This approach tocell surface engineering, in which synthetic biomolecular assemblies areorganized within existing cellular architecture, could make it possible tobuild new types of sensors, machines and scaffolds that can interface with,control and measure properties of cells.

Growth and site-specific organization of micron-scale biomolecular devices on living mammalian cells