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Quantum communication complexity studies the efficiency of informationcommunication (that is, the minimum amount of communication required to achievea certain task) using quantum states. One representative example is quantumfingerprinting, in which the simultaneous message passing model is consideredand the minimum amount of communication could be exponentially smaller than theclassical fingerprinting protocol. Experimental demonstrations based on apractical quantum fingerprinting protocol where coherent states are used toconstruct the fingerprints, have successfully shown the superiority of quantumfingerprinting. However, as a consequence of using coherent states, thecommunication time in this coherent quantum fingerprinting (CQF) protocol isincreased. Moreover, the minimum amount of information communicated in theseexperimental demonstrations is largely limited by the dark counts of the singlephoton detectors. Here, we propose to enhance the performance of the existingCQF protocol through applying wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) andsimultaneous detection of multiple wavelength channels. We show that the newWDM-CQF protocol can potentially reduce the communication time significantly.More importantly, with the same experimental parameters, the amount ofcommunication is much reduced in the new scheme compared with the original CQFprotocol. The more wavelength channels are used, the less communication isrequired by WDM-CQF protocol. We also perform a proof-of-concept experimentaldemonstration of the new WDM-CQF protocol with 6 wavelength channels. Theexperimental results further validate that the new scheme with WDM not onlybeats the classical protocol, but also reduces the amount of communicationrequired by the original CQF protocol by more than half.

Efficient experimental quantum fingerprinting with wavelength division multiplexing