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Streptoseomycin (STM,  1 ) is a bacterial macrolactone that has a unique 5/14/10/6/6-pentacyclic ring with an ether bridge. We have previously identified the biosynthetic gene cluster for  1  and characterized StmD as [6 + 4]- and [4 + 2]-bispericyclase that catalyze a reaction leading to both 6/10/6- and 10/6/6-tricyclic adducts ( 6  and  7 ). The remaining steps, especially how to install and stabilize the required 10/6/6-tricyclic core for downstream modifications, remain unknown. In this work, we have identified three oxidoreductases that fix the required 10/6/6-tryciclic core. A pair of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases, StmO1 and StmO2, catalyze the direct hydroxylation at [6 + 4]-adduct ( 6 ). Subsequently, a spontaneous [3,3]-Cope rearrangement and an enol-ketone tautomerization result in the formation of 10/6/6-tricyclic intermediate  12b , which can be further converted to a stable 10/6/6-tricyclic alcohol  11  through a ketoreduction by StmK. Crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex NtfO1-NtfO2, homologues of StmO1-StmO2 with equivalent function, reveals protein-protein interactions. Our results demonstrate that the [6 + 4]-adduct instead of [4 + 2]-adduct is the bona fide biosynthetic intermediate.

A [6+4]-cycloaddition adduct is the biosynthetic intermediate in streptoseomycin biosynthesis