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Magnetic-domain structure and dynamics play an important role inunderstanding and controlling the magnetic properties of two-dimensionalmagnets, which are of interest to both fundamental studies andapplications[1-5]. However, the probe methods based on the spin-dependentoptical permeability[1,2,6] and electrical conductivity[7-10] can neitherprovide quantitative information of the magnetization nor achieve nanoscalespatial resolution. These capabilities are essential to image and understandthe rich properties of magnetic domains. Here, we employ cryogenic scanningmagnetometry using a single-electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy center in adiamond probe to unambiguously prove the existence of magnetic domains andstudy their dynamics in atomically thin CrBr$_3$. The high spatial resolutionof this technique enables imaging of magnetic domains and allows to resolvedomain walls pinned by defects. By controlling the magnetic domain evolution asa function of magnetic field, we find that the pinning effect is a dominantcoercivity mechanism with a saturation magnetization of about 26~$\mu_B$/nm$^2$for bilayer CrBr$_3$. The magnetic-domain structure and pinning-effectdominated domain reversal process are verified by micromagnetic simulation. Ourwork highlights scanning nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry as a quantitativeprobe to explore two-dimensional magnetism at the nanoscale.

Magnetic domains and domain wall pinning in two-dimensional ferromagnets revealed by nanoscale imaging