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Motile plant structures such as  Mimosa pudica  leaves,  Impatiens glandulifera  seedpods, and  Dionaea muscipula  leaves exhibit fast nastic movements in a few seconds or less. This motion is stimuli-independent mechanical movement following  theorema egregium  rules. Artificial analogs of tropistic motion in plants are exemplified by shape-morphing systems, which are characterized by high functional robustness and resilience for creating 3D structures. However, all shape-morphing systems developed so far rely exclusively on continuous external stimuli and result in slow response. Here, we report a Gaussian-preserved shape-morphing system to realize ultrafast shape morphing and non-volatile reconfiguration. Relying on the Gaussian-preserved rules, the transformation can be triggered by mechanical or thermal stimuli within a microsecond. Moreover, as localized energy minima are encountered during shape morphing, non-volatile configuration is preserved by geometrically enhanced rigidity. Using this system, we demonstrate a suite of electronic devices that are reconfigurable, and therefore, expand functional diversification.

Gaussian-preserved, non-volatile shape morphing in three-dimensional microstructures for dual-functional electronic devices