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Plasma dynamics critically depends on density and temperature, thuswell-controlled experimental realizations are essential benchmarks fortheoretical models. The formation of an ultracold plasma can be triggered byionizing a tunable number of atoms in a micrometer-sized volume of aBose-Einstein condensate (BEC) by a single femtosecond laser pulse. The largedensity combined with the extremely low temperature of the BEC give rise to aninitially strongly coupled plasma in a so far unexplored regime bridgingultracold neutral plasma and ionized nanoclusters. Here, we report on ultrafastcooling of electrons, trapped on orbital trajectories in the long-range Coulombpotential of the dense ionic core, with a cooling rate of 400 K/ps.Furthermore, our experimental setup grants direct access to the electrontemperature that relaxes from 5250 K to below 10 K in less than 500 ns.

Ultrafast Electron Cooling in an Expanding Ultracold Plasma