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Three-dimensional metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are cutting-edge materials in the adsorptive removal of trace gases due to the availability of abundant pores with specific chemistry. However, the development of ideal adsorbents combining high adsorption capacity with high selectivity and stability remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a strategy to design adsorbents that utilizes the tunability of interlayer and intralayer space of two-dimensional fluorinated MOFs for capturing acetylene from ethylene. Validated by X-ray diffraction and modeling, a systematic variation of linker atom oxidation state enables fine regulation of layer stacking pattern and linker conformation, which affords a strong interlayer trapping of molecules along with cooperative intralayer binding. The resultant robust materials (ZUL-100 and ZUL-200) exhibit benchmark capacity in the pressure range of 0.001–0.05 bar with high selectivity. Their efficiency in acetylene/ethylene separation is confirmed by breakthrough experiments, giving excellent ethylene productivities (121 mmol/g from 1/99 mixture, 99.9999%), even when cycled under moist conditions.

Simultaneous interlayer and intralayer space control in two-dimensional metal−organic frameworks for acetylene/ethylene separation