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Our knowledge about the gut microbiota of pigs is still scarce, despite the importance of these animals for biomedical research and agriculture. Here, we present a collection of cultured bacteria from the pig gut, including 110 species across 40 families and nine phyla. We provide taxonomic descriptions for 22 novel species and 16 genera. Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data and metagenome-assembled genomes reveal prevalent and pig-specific species within  Lactobacillus ,  Streptococcus ,  Clostridium ,  Desulfovibrio ,  Enterococcus ,  Fusobacterium , and several new genera described in this study. Potentially interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a fucosyltransferase encoded in the genome of the novel species  Clostridium porci , and prevalent gene clusters for biosynthesis of sactipeptide-like peptides. Many strains deconjugate primary bile acids in in vitro assays, and a  Clostridium scindens  strain produces secondary bile acids via dehydroxylation. In addition, cells of the novel species  Bullifex porci  are coccoidal or spherical under the culture conditions tested, in contrast with the usual helical shape of other members of the family  Spirochaetaceae . The strain collection, called ‘Pig intestinal bacterial collection’ (PiBAC), is publicly available at  www.dsmz.de/pibac  and opens new avenues for functional studies of the pig gut microbiota.

A collection of bacterial isolates from the pig intestine reveals functional and taxonomic diversity