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Characterizing and controlling the out-of-equilibrium state of nanostructuredMott insulators hold great promises for emerging quantum technologies whileproviding an exciting playground for investigating fundamental physics ofstrongly-correlated systems. Here, we use two-colour near-field ultrafastelectron microscopy to photo-induce the insulator-to-metal transition in asingle VO2 nanowire and probe the ensuing electronic dynamics with combinednanometer-femtosecond resolution. We take advantage of a femtosecond temporalgating of the electron pulse mediated by an infrared laser pulse, and exploitthe sensitivity of inelastic electron-light scattering to changes in thematerial dielectric function. By spatially mapping the near-field dynamics ofan individual nanowire of VO2, we observe that ultrafast photo-doping drivesthe system into a metallic state on a time scale of about 150 fs without yetperturbing the crystalline lattice. Due to the high versatility and sensitivityof the electron probe, our method would allow capturing the electronic dynamicsof a wide range of nanoscale materials with ultimate spatio-temporalresolution.

Nanoscale-femtosecond dielectric response of Mott insulators captured by two-colour near-field ultrafast electron microscopy