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Quantum engineering using photonic structures offer new capabilities foratom-photon interactions for quantum optics and atomic physics, which couldeventually lead to integrated quantum devices. Despite the rapid progress inthe variety of structures, coherent excitation of the motional states of atomsin a photonic waveguide using guided modes has yet to be demonstrated. Here, weuse the waveguide mode of a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre to manipulatethe mechanical Fock states of single atoms in a harmonic potential inside thefibre. We create a large array of Schr\"odinger cat states, a quintessentialfeature of quantum physics and a key element in quantum information processingand metrology, of approximately 15000 atoms along the fibre by entangling theelectronic state with the coherent harmonic oscillator state of each individualatom. Our results provide a useful step for quantum information and simulationwith a wide range of photonic waveguide systems.

Large array of Schr\"odinger cat states facilitated by an optical waveguide