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Parental exposure to pathogens can prime offspring immunity in diverse organisms. The mechanisms by which this heritable priming occurs are largely unknown. Here we report that the soil bacteria  Pseudomonas vranovensis  is a natural pathogen of the nematode  Caenorhabditis elegans  and that parental exposure of animals to  P. vranovensis  promotes offspring resistance to infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate a multigenerational enhancement of progeny survival when three consecutive generations of animals are exposed to  P. vranovensis . By investigating the mechanisms by which animals heritably adapt to  P. vranovensis  infection, we found that parental infection by  P. vranovensis  results in increased expression of the cysteine synthases  cysl-1  and  cysl-2  and the regulator of hypoxia inducible factor  rhy-1  in progeny, and that these three genes are required for adaptation to  P. vranovensis . These observations establish a CYSL-1, CYSL-2, and RHY-1 dependent mechanism by which animals heritably adapt to infection.

Cysteine synthases CYSL-1 and CYSL-2 mediate C. elegans heritable adaptation to P. vranovensis infection