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We propose a novel cantilever device integrated with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-encapsulated crack sensor that directly measures the cardiaccontractility. The crack sensor was chemically bonded to a PDMS thin layer toform a sandwiched structure which allows to be operated very stably in culturemedia. The reliability of the proposed crack sensor has improved dramaticallycompared to no encapsulation layer. After evaluating the durability of thecrack sensor bonded with the PDMS layer, cardiomyocytes were cultured on thenano-patterned cantilever for real-time measurement of cardiac contractileforces. The highly sensitive crack sensor continuously measured the cardiaccontractility without changing its gauge factor for up to 26 days (>5 millionheartbeats). In addition, changes in contractile force induced by drugs weremonitored using the crack sensor-integrated cantilever. Finally, experimentalresults were compared with those obtained via conventional electrophysiologicalmethods to verify the feasibility of building a contraction-based drug-toxicitytesting system.

Highly durable crack sensor integrated with silicone rubber cantilever for measuring cardiac contractility in culture media