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To develop active nanomaterials that can instantly respond to externalstimuli with designed mechanical motions is an important step towards therealization of nanomachines and nanorobots. Herein, we present our finding of aversatile working mechanism that allows instantaneous change of alignmentdirection and speed of semiconductor nanowires in an external electric fieldwith simple visible-light exposure. The light induced alignment switch can becycled over hundreds of times and programmed to express words in Morse code.With theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the working principle canbe attributed to the optically tuned real-part (in-phase) electricalpolarization of a semiconductor nanowire in an aqueous suspension. Themanipulation principle is exploited to create a new type of microscale steppermotor that can readily switch between in-phase and out-phase modes, and agilelyoperate independent of neighboring motors with patterned light. This work couldinspire the development of a new type of micro/nanomachines with individual andreconfigurable maneuverability for many applications.

Light Programmable Micro/Nanomotors with Optically Tunable In-Phase Electric Polarization