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The discovery of two-dimensional gapless Dirac fermions in graphene andtopological insulators (TI) has sparked extensive ongoing research towardapplications of their unique electronic properties. The gapless surface statesin three-dimensional insulators indicate a distinct topological phase of matterwith a non-trivial Z2 invariant that can be verified by angle-resolvedphotoemission spectroscopy or magnetoresistance quantum oscillation. In TInanowires, the gapless surface states exhibit Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillationsin conductance, with this quantum interference effect accompanying a change inthe number of transverse one-dimensional modes in transport. Thus, while thedensity of states (DOS) of such nanowires is expected to show such ABoscillation, this effect has yet to be observed. Here, we adopt nanomechanicalmeasurements that reveal AB oscillations in the DOS of a topological insulator.The TI nanowire under study is an electromechanical resonator embedded in anelectrical circuit, and quantum capacitance effects from DOS oscillationmodulate the circuit capacitance thereby altering the spring constant togenerate mechanical resonant frequency shifts. Detection of the quantumcapacitance effects from surface-state DOS is facilitated by the smalleffective capacitances and high quality factors of nanomechanical resonators,and as such the present technique could be extended to study diverse quantummaterials at nanoscale.

Nanomechanical characterization of quantum interference in a topological insulator nanowire