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Light is essential for photosynthesis, but the amounts of light that exceed an organism’s assimilation capacity can result in oxidative stress and even cell death. Plants and microalgae have developed a photoprotective response mechanism, qE, that dissipates excess light energy as thermal energy. In the green alga  Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , qE is regulated by light-inducible photoprotective proteins, but the pathway from light perception to qE is not fully understood. Here, we show that the transcription factors CONSTANS and Nuclear transcription Factor Ys (NF-Ys) form a complex that governs light-dependent photoprotective responses in  C. reinhardtii . The qE responses do not occur in  CONSTANS  or  NF-Y  mutants. The signal from light perception to the CONSTANS/NF-Ys complex is directly inhibited by the SPA1/COP1-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase. This negative regulation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the CONSTANS/NF-Ys complex is common to photoprotective response in algal photosynthesis and flowering in plants.

The CONSTANS flowering complex controls the protective response of photosynthesis in the green alga Chlamydomonas