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The widespread agricultural problem of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) could potentially be overcome by improving seed dormancy. Here, we report that miR156, an important grain yield regulator, also controls seed dormancy in rice. We found that mutations in one  MIR156  subfamily enhance seed dormancy and suppress PHS with negligible effects on shoot architecture and grain size, whereas mutations in another  MIR156  subfamily modify shoot architecture and increase grain size but have minimal effects on seed dormancy. Mechanistically,  mir156  mutations enhance seed dormancy by suppressing the gibberellin (GA) pathway through de-represssion of the miR156 target gene  Ideal Plant Architecture 1  ( IPA1 ), which directly regulates multiple genes in the GA pathway. These results provide an effective method to suppress PHS without compromising productivity, and will facilitate breeding elite crop varieties with ideal plant architectures.

The grain yield modulator miR156 regulates seed dormancy through the gibberellin pathway in rice