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Ferroelastic switching in ferroelectric/multiferroic oxides plays a crucial role in determining their dielectric, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties. In thin films of these materials, however, substrate clamping is generally thought to limit the electric-field- or mechanical-force-driven responses to the local scale. Here, we report mechanical-force-induced large-area, non-local, collective ferroelastic domain switching in PbTiO 3  epitaxial thin films by tuning the misfit-strain to be near a phase boundary wherein  c/a  and  a  1 / a  2  nanodomains coexist. Phenomenological models suggest that the collective,  c - a - c - a  ferroelastic switching arises from the small potential barrier between the degenerate domain structures, and the large anisotropy of  a  and  c  domains, which collectively generates much larger response and large-area domain propagation. Large-area, non-local response under small stimuli, unlike traditional local response to external field, provides an opportunity of unique response to local stimuli, which has potential for use in high-sensitivity pressure sensors and switches.

Mechanical-force-induced non-local collective ferroelastic switching in epitaxial lead-titanate thin films