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Dendrite arm fragmentation is considered in solidification structure tailoring. Time-resolved and in situ imaging using synchrotron radiation X-rays allows the observation of dendrite arm fragmentation in Fe–C alloys. Here we report a dendrite arm fragmentation mechanism. A massive-like transformation from ferrite to austenite rather than the peritectic reaction occurs during or after ferrite solidification. The transformation produces refined austenite grains and ferrite–austenite boundaries in dendrite arms. The austenite grains are fragmented by the liquid phase that is produced at the grain boundary. In unidirectional solidification, a slight increase in temperature moves the ferrite–austenite interface backwards and promotes detachment of the primary and secondary arms at the δ–γ interface via a reverse peritectic reaction. The results show a massive-like transformation inducing the dendrite arm fragmentation has a role in formation of the solidification structure and the austenite grain structures in the Fe–C alloys.

Dendrite fragmentation induced by massive-like δ–γ transformation in Fe–C alloys