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Here we report the synthesis of metallic, ultraincompressible (bulk modulus$K_{0}$ = 428(10) GPa) and very hard (nanoindentation hardness 36.7(8) GPa)rhenium (V) nitride pernitride Re$_{2}$(N$_{2}$)N$_{2}$. While the empiricalchemical formula of the compound, ReN$_{2}$, is the same as for other knowntransition metals pernitrides, e.g. IrN$_{2}$, PtN$_{2}$, PdN$_{2}$ andOsN$_{2}$, its crystal chemistry is unique. The known pernitrides of transitionmetals consist of a metal in the oxidation state +IV and pernitride anionsN$_{2}^{4-}$. ReN$_{2}$ contains both pernitride N$_{2}^{4-}$ and discreteN$^{3-}$ anions, which explains its exceptional properties. Moreover, in theoriginal experimental synthesis of Re$_{2}$(N$_{2}$)N$_{2}$ performed in alaser-heated diamond anvil cell via a direct reaction between rhenium andnitrogen at pressures from 40 to 90 GPa we observed that the material wasrecoverable at ambient conditions. Consequently, we developed a route to scaleup its synthesis through a reaction between rhenium and ammonium azide,NH$_{4}$N$_{3}$, in a large-volume press at 33 GPa. Our work resulted not onlyin a discovery of a novel material with unusual crystal chemistry and a set ofproperties attractive for potential applications, but also demonstrated afeasibility of surmounting conceptions common in material sciences.

High-pressure synthesis of ultraincompressible hard rhenium nitride pernitride Re$_{2}$(N$_{2}$)N$_{2}$ stable at ambient conditions