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Bacteria of the genera  Pseudomonas  and  Bacillus  can promote plant growth and protect plants from pathogens. However, the interactions between these plant-beneficial bacteria are understudied. Here, we explore the interaction between  Bacillus subtilis  3610 and  Pseudomonas chlororaphis  PCL1606. We show that the extracellular matrix protects  B. subtilis  colonies from infiltration by  P. chlororaphis . The absence of extracellular matrix results in increased fluidity and loss of structure of the  B. subtilis  colony. The  P. chlororaphis  type VI secretion system (T6SS) is activated upon contact with  B. subtilis  cells, and stimulates  B. subtilis  sporulation. Furthermore, we find that  B. subtilis  sporulation observed prior to direct contact with  P. chlororaphis  is mediated by histidine kinases KinA and KinB. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of the extracellular matrix and the T6SS in modulating the coexistence of the two species on melon plant leaves and seeds.

The extracellular matrix protects Bacillus subtilis colonies from Pseudomonas invasion and modulates plant co-colonization