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Metals are highly opaque, yet we show that densely packed arrays of metallicnanoparticles can be more transparent to infrared radiation than dielectricssuch as germanium, even for arrays that are over 75% metal by volume. Despitestrong interactions between the metallic particles, these arrays form effectivedielectrics that are virtually dispersion-free, making possible the design ofoptical components that are achromatic over ultra-broadband ranges ofwavelengths from a few microns up to millimetres or more. Furthermore, thelocal refractive indices may be tuned by altering the size, shape, and spacingof the nanoparticles, allowing the design of gradient-index lenses that guideand focus light on the microscale. The electric field is also stronglyconcentrated in the gaps between the metallic nanoparticles, and thesimultaneous focusing and squeezing of the electric field produces strong`doubly-enhanced' hotspots which could boost measurements made using infraredspectroscopy and other non-linear processes over a broad range of frequencies,with minimal heat production.

Extraordinarily transparent compact metallic metamaterials