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How a certain ground state of complex physical systems emerges, especially intwo-dimensional materials, is a fundamental question in condensed-matterphysics. A particularly interesting case is systems belonging to the class ofXY Hamiltonian where the magnetic order parameter of conventional nature isunstable in two-dimensional materials leading to aBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Here, we report how the XXZ-typeantiferromagnetic order of a magnetic van der Waals material, NiPS3, behavesupon reducing the thickness and ultimately becomes unstable in the monolayerlimit. Our experimental data are consistent with the findings based onrenormalization group theory that at low temperatures a two-dimensional XXZsystem behaves like a two-dimensional XY one, which cannot have a long-rangeorder at finite temperatures. This work provides experimental examination ofthe XY magnetism in the atomically thin limit and opens new opportunities ofexploiting these fundamental theorems of magnetism using magnetic van der Waalsmaterials.

Suppression of magnetic ordering in XXZ-type antiferromagnetic monolayer NiPS3