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In humans and in mice the formation of nephrons during embryonic development reaches completion near the end of gestation, after which no new nephrons are formed. The final nephron complement can vary 10-fold, with reduced nephron number predisposing individuals to hypertension, renal, and cardiovascular diseases in later life. While the heterochronic genes  lin28  and  let-7  are well-established regulators of developmental timing in invertebrates, their role in mammalian organogenesis is not fully understood. Here we report that the Lin28b/ let-7  axis controls the duration of kidney development in mice. Suppression of  let-7  miRNAs, directly or via the transient overexpression of  LIN28B , can prolong nephrogenesis and enhance kidney function potentially via upregulation of the  Igf2 / H19  locus. In contrast, kidney-specific loss of  Lin28b  impairs renal development. Our study reveals mechanisms regulating persistence of nephrogenic mesenchyme and provides a rationale for therapies aimed at increasing nephron mass.

Lin28 and let-7 regulate the timing of cessation of murine nephrogenesis