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We demonstrate how hybridization between a two-dimensional material and itssubstrate can lead to an apparent heavy doping, using the example of monolayerTaS$_2$ grown on Au(111). Combining $\textit{ab-initio}$ calculations, scanningtunneling spectroscopy experiments and a generic model, we show that strongchanges in Fermi areas can arise with much smaller actual charge transfer. Thismechanism, which we refer to as pseudodoping, is a generic effect for metallictwo-dimensional materials which are either adsorbed to metallic substrates orembedded in vertical heterostructures. It explains the apparent heavy doping ofTaS$_2$ on Au(111) observed in photoemission spectroscopy and spectroscopicsignatures in scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Pseudodoping is associated withnon-linear energy-dependent shifts of electronic spectra, which our scanningtunneling spectroscopy experiments reveal for clean and defective TaS$_2$monolayer on Au(111). The influence of pseudodoping on the formation of chargeordered, magnetic, or superconducting states is analyzed.

Pseudodoping of Metallic Two-Dimensional Materials by The Supporting Substrates