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An intelligent drug release system that is triggered into action upon sensing the motion of swarmer  P. mirabilis  is introduced. The rational design of the drug release system focuses on a pNIPAAm- co -pAEMA copolymer that prevents drug leakage in a tobramycin-loaded mesoporous silica particle by covering its surface via electrostatic attraction. The copolymer chains are also conjugated to peptide ligands YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH 2  that display affinity to Gram-negative bacteria. When swarmer  P. mirabilis  cells approach and come in contact with the particle, the copolymer-YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH 2  binds to the lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of motile  P. mirabilis  and are stripped off the particle surface when the cells move away; hence releasing tobramycin into the swarmer colony and inhibiting its expansion. The release mechanism is termed Motion-Induced Mechanical Stripping (MIMS). For swarmer  B. subtilis , the removal of copolymers from particle surfaces via MIMS is not apparent due to poor adherence between bacteria and copolymer-YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH 2  system.

Lipopolysaccharide-affinity copolymer senses the rapid motility of swarmer bacteria to trigger antimicrobial drug release