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Prehistoric timescales, volcanic hazard assessment, and understanding of volcanogenic climate events rely on accurate dating of prehistoric eruptions. Most late Quaternary eruptions are dated by  14 C measurements on material from close to the volcano that may be contaminated by geologic-sourced infinite-age carbon. Here we show that  14 C ages for the Taupo (New Zealand) First Millennium eruption are geographically arrayed, with oldest ages closer to the vent. The current eruption wiggle match date of 232 ± 5 years CE is amongst the oldest. We present evidence that the older, vent-proximal  14 C ages were biased by magmatic CO 2  degassed from groundwater, and that the Taupo eruption occurred decades to two centuries after 232 CE. Our reinterpretation implies that ages for other proximally-dated, unobserved, eruptions may also be too old. Plateauing or declining tree ring cellulose δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values near a volcano indicate magmatic influence and may allow forecasting of super-eruptions.

Evidence for magmatic carbon bias in 14C dating of the Taupo and other major eruptions