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Magnetic atoms on a superconductor give rise to Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) stateswithin the superconducting energy gap. A spin chain of magnetic adatoms on ans-wave superconductor may lead to topological superconductivity accompanied bythe emergence of Majorana modes at the chain ends. For their usage in quantumcomputation, it is a prerequisite to artificially assemble the chains andcontrol the exchange couplings between the spins in the chain and in thesubstrate. Here, using a scanning tunneling microscope tip, we demonstrateengineering of the energy levels of the YSR states by placing interstitial Featoms in close proximity to adsorbed Fe atoms on an oxidized Ta surface. Basedon this prototype platform, we show that the interaction within a long chaincan be strengthened by linking the adsorbed Fe atoms with the interstitialones. Our work adds an important step towards the controlled design andmanipulation of Majorana end states.

Engineering the spin couplings in atomically crafted spin chains on an elemental superconductor