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Genotype-specific incompatibility in legume–rhizobium symbiosis has been suggested to be controlled by effector-triggered immunity underlying pathogenic host-bacteria interactions. However, the rhizobial determinant interacting with the host resistance protein (e.g., Rj2) and the molecular mechanism of symbiotic incompatibility remain unclear. Using natural mutants of  Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens  USDA 122, we identified a type III-secretory protein NopP as the determinant of symbiotic incompatibility with  Rj2 -soybean. The analysis of  nopP  mutations and variants in a culture collection reveal that three amino acid residues (R60, R67, and H173) in NopP are required for  Rj2 -mediated incompatibility. Complementation of  rj2 -soybean by the  Rj2  allele confers the incompatibility induced by USDA 122-type NopP. In response to incompatible strains,  Rj2 -soybean plants activate defense marker gene  PR-2  and suppress infection thread number at 2 days after inoculation. These results suggest that  Rj2 -soybeans monitor the specific variants of NopP and reject bradyrhizobial infection via effector-triggered immunity mediated by Rj2 protein.

Variation in bradyrhizobial NopP effector determines symbiotic incompatibility with Rj2-soybeans via effector-triggered immunity