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Potassium-ion batteries are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, it is challenging to achieve fast charging/discharging and long cycle life with the current electrode materials because of the sluggish potassiation kinetics. Here we report a soft carbon anode, namely highly nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers, with superior rate capability and cyclability. The anode delivers reversible capacities of 248 mAh g –1  at 25 mA g –1  and 101 mAh g –1  at 20 A g –1 , and retains 146 mAh g –1  at 2 A g –1  after 4000 cycles. Surface-dominated K-storage is verified by quantitative kinetics analysis and theoretical investigation. A full cell coupling the anode and Prussian blue cathode delivers a reversible capacity of 195 mAh g –1  at 0.2 A g –1 . Considering the cost-effectiveness and material sustainability, our work may shed some light on searching for K-storage materials with high performance.

Highly nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers with superior rate capability and cyclability for potassium ion batteries