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Insufficient water availability for crop production is a mounting barrier to achieving the 70% increase in food production that will be needed by 2050. One solution is to develop crops that require less water per unit mass of production. Water vapor transpires from leaves through stomata, which also facilitate the influx of CO 2  during photosynthetic assimilation. Here, we hypothesize that  Photosystem II Subunit S  ( PsbS ) expression affects a chloroplast-derived signal for stomatal opening in response to light, which can be used to improve water-use efficiency. Transgenic tobacco plants with a range of  PsbS  expression, from undetectable to 3.7 times wild-type are generated. Plants with increased  PsbS  expression show less stomatal opening in response to light, resulting in a 25% reduction in water loss per CO 2  assimilated under field conditions. Since the role of PsbS is universal across higher plants, this manipulation should be effective across all crops.

Photosystem II Subunit S overexpression increases the efficiency of water use in a field-grown crop