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Serotonin receptors (5-HT 3A R) directly regulate gut movement, and drugs that inhibit 5-HT 3A R function are used to control emetic reflexes associated with gastrointestinal pathologies and cancer therapies. The 5-HT 3A R function involves a finely tuned orchestration of three domain movements that include the ligand-binding domain, the pore domain, and the intracellular domain. Here, we present the structure from the full-length 5-HT 3A R channel in the apo-state determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy at a nominal resolution of 4.3 Å. In this conformation, the ligand-binding domain adopts a conformation reminiscent of the unliganded state with the pore domain captured in a closed conformation. In comparison to the 5-HT 3A R crystal structure, the full-length channel in the apo-conformation adopts a more expanded conformation of all the three domains with a characteristic twist that is implicated in gating.

Cryo-EM structure of 5-HT3A receptor in its resting conformation