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It has been speculated that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 ) in shelf waters may lag the rise in atmospheric CO 2 . Here, we show that this is the case across many shelf regions, implying a tendency for enhanced shelf uptake of atmospheric CO 2 . This result is based on analysis of long-term trends in the air–sea  p CO 2  gradient (Δ p CO 2 ) using a global surface ocean  p CO 2  database spanning a period of up to 35 years. Using wintertime data only, we find that Δ p CO 2  increased in 653 of the 825 0.5° cells for which a trend could be calculated, with 325 of these cells showing a significant increase in excess of +0.5 μatm yr −1  ( p  < 0.05). Although noisier, the deseasonalized annual data suggest similar results. If this were a global trend, it would support the idea that shelves might have switched from a source to a sink of CO 2  during the last century.

Continental shelves as a variable but increasing global sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide