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The proton is composed of quarks and gluons, bound by the most elusivemechanism of strong interaction called confinement. In this work, the dynamicsof quarks and gluons are investigated using deeply virtual Compton scattering(DVCS): produced by a multi-GeV electron, a highly virtual photon scatters offthe proton which subsequently radiates a high energy photon. Similarly toholography, measuring not only the magnitude but also the phase of the DVCSamplitude allows to perform 3D images of the internal structure of the proton.The phase is made accessible through the quantum-mechanical interference ofDVCS with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, in which the final photon is emittedby the electron rather than the proton.  We report herein the first full determination of the BH-DVCS interference byexploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. Inthe high energy regime where the scattering process is expected to occur off asingle quark in the proton, these accurate measurements show an intriguingsensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.

A Glimpse of Gluons through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Proton