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Bacterial phagocytosis and antigen cross-presentation to activate CD8 +  T cells are principal functions of professional antigen presenting cells. However, conventional CD4 +  T cells also capture and kill bacteria from infected dendritic cells in a process termed transphagocytosis (also known as transinfection). Here, we show that transphagocytic T cells present bacterial antigens to naive CD8 +  T cells, which proliferate and become cytotoxic in response. CD4 +  T-cell-mediated antigen presentation also occurs in vivo in the course of infection, and induces the generation of central memory CD8 +  T cells with low PD-1 expression. Moreover, transphagocytic CD4 +  T cells induce protective anti-tumour immune responses by priming CD8 +  T cells, highlighting the potential of CD4 +  T cells as a tool for cancer immunotherapy.

Conventional CD4+ T cells present bacterial antigens to induce cytotoxic and memory CD8+ T cell responses