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Some bacteria can feed on fungi, a phenomenon known as mycophagy. Here we show that a prophage tail-like protein (Bg_9562) is essential for mycophagy in  Burkholderia gladioli  strain NGJ1. The purified protein causes hyphal disintegration and inhibits growth of several fungal species. Disruption of the  Bg_9562  gene abolishes mycophagy. Bg_9562 is a potential effector secreted by a type III secretion system (T3SS) and is translocated into fungal mycelia during confrontation. Heterologous expression of Bg_9562 in another bacterial species,  Ralstonia solanacearum , confers mycophagous ability in a T3SS-dependent manner. We propose that the ability to feed on fungi conferred by Bg_9562 may help the bacteria to survive in certain ecological niches. Furthermore, considering its broad-spectrum antifungal activity, the protein may be potentially useful in biotechnological applications to control fungal diseases.

A prophage tail-like protein is deployed by Burkholderia bacteria to feed on fungi