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The  Mildew Resistance Locus O  ( MLO ) gene family has been investigated in many species. However, there are few studies on chrysanthemum  MLO  genes. We report in this study that  CmMLO17  in  Chrysanthemum morifolium  was upregulated after  Alternaria alternata  infection. Silencing of  CmMLO17  by artificial microRNA resulted in reduced susceptibility of chrysanthemum to  A. alternata  infection. Genes in the abscisic acid (ABA) and Ca 2+  signaling pathways were upregulated in the  CmMLO17 -silenced line R20 compared to the wild-type plants. We speculated that  CmMLO17 -silenced plants had a faster and stronger defense response that was mediated by the ABA and Ca 2+  signaling pathways, resulting in reduced susceptibility of chrysanthemum to  A. alternata  infection. In addition, a candidate gene,  CmKIC , that may interact with CmMLO17 was discovered by the yeast two-hybrid assay. The interaction between CmMLO17 and CmKIC was confirmed using the yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis. CmMLO17 and CmKIC were both located on the plasma membrane, and CmKIC was also located on the nucleus.  CmKIC  overexpression increased the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to  A. alternata , whereas  CmKIC  silencing resulted in reduced susceptibility. Therefore, CmMLO17 and CmKIC may work together in  C. morifolium  to support the growth of  A. alternata . The results of this study will provide insight into the potential function of MLO and improve the understanding of plant defense responses to necrotrophic pathogens.

CmMLO17 and its partner CmKIC potentially support Alternaria alternata growth in Chrysanthemum morifolium