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Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants, but information on anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in Chinese cabbage is limited. The new purple head Chinese cabbage cultivar 11S91 was analyzed, and an R2R3-MYB regulatory gene  BrMYB2 , located on chromosome A07, controlling the dominant purple-head trait was isolated. High expression of  BrMYB2  generated a large accumulation of anthocyanins in 11S91, accompanied by highly upregulated  BrTT8 ,  BrF3 ′ H ,  BrDFR1 ,  BrANS1 ,  BrUGT s,  BrAT s, and  BrGST s. 11S91 inherited the purple locus from purple trait donor 95T2-5, and they shared consensus CDSs and gDNAs with those of  BrMYB2  ( cBrMYB2  and  gBrMYB2 ). Two SNPs in  cBrMYB2  in 11S91 did not cause loss of function; in addition to several SNPs at both ends of intron 1, a large deletion had occurred in intron 1 of  gBrMYB2  in 11S91. Genetic transformation of  Arabidopsis  showed that  gBrMYB2  overexpression lines presented deeper purple color and higher expression than did the c BrMYB2  and c Brmyb2  lines, whereas  gBrmyb2  with a long intron 1 did not cause the purple phenotype. We first show that  BrMYB2  promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis under the control of the short intron 1 of g BrMYB2  in purple head Chinese cabbage, and  gBrmyb2  with a long intron 1 represses anthocyanin production in white head Chinese cabbage. This evidence provides a new understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and purple germplasm generation in  Brassica  vegetables.

The novel gene BrMYB2, located on chromosome A07, with a short intron 1 controls the purple-head trait of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)