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Programmed cell death (PCD) and secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening in pear fruit are accompanied by the deposition of cellulose and lignin to form stone cells. Metacaspase is an important protease for development, tissue renewal and PCD. The understanding of the molecular mechanism whereby pear ( Pyrus ) metacaspase promotes PCD and cell wall lignification is still limited. In this study, the  Metacaspases  gene family ( PbMCs ) from  P. bretschneideri  was identified.  PbMC1a/1b  was associated with lignin deposition and stone cell formation by physiological data, semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Relative to wild-type (WT)  Arabidopsis , the overexpression of  PbMC1a/1b  increased lignin deposition and delayed growth, thickened the cell walls of vessels, xylary fibers and interfascicular fibers, and increased the expression of lignin biosynthetic genes. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and GST pull-down assays indicated that the PbMC1a/1b protein physically interacted with PbRD21. Simultaneously, the transient expression of  PbMC1a/1b  and  PbRD21  led to significant changes in the expression of genes and lignin contents in pear fruits and flesh calli. These results indicate that  PbMC1a/1b  plays an important role in cell wall lignification, possibly by interacting with  PbRD21  to increase the mRNA levels of some lignin synthesis-associated genes and promote the formation of stone cells in pear fruit.

PbMC1a/1b regulates lignification during stone cell development in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit