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Citrus canker, caused by  Xanthomonas citri  subsp.  citri  ( Xcc ), is a serious bacterial disease that affects citrus production worldwide. Citron C-05 ( Citrus medica ) is the only germplasm in the  Citrus  genus that has been identified to exhibit strong resistance to  Xcc . However, it has not been determined when, where, and how  Xcc  is restricted in the tissues of Citron C-05 during the infection process. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal growth dynamics of an  eGFP -labeled virulent  Xcc  ( eGFP-Xcc ) strain in Citron C-05 along with five susceptible biotypes (i.e., lemon, pummelo, sour orange, sweet orange, and ponkan mandarin) upon inoculation via the spraying or leaf infiltration of a bacterial suspension. The results from extensive confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses showed that while  Xcc  grew rapidly in plants of all five susceptible genotypes,  Xcc  was severely restricted in the epidermal and mesophyll cell layers of the leaves of Citron C-05 in the early stage of infection. Not surprisingly, resistance against  Xcc  in Citron C-05 was found to be associated with the production of reactive oxygen species and hypersensitive response-like cell death, as well as greater upregulation of several defense-related genes, including a pathogenesis-related gene ( PR1 ) and a glutathione S-transferase gene ( GST1 ), compared with sweet orange as a susceptible control. Taken together, our results not only provide further valuable details of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the host entry, propagation, and spread of  Xcc  in both resistant and susceptible citrus plants but also suggest that resistance to  Xcc  in Citron C-05 may be attributed to the activation of multiple defense mechanisms.

Citron C-05 inhibits both the penetration and colonization of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri to achieve resistance to citrus canker disease